UENR0623-02 51 Engine Operation Flash File – This file is software that is inside the ECM. The file contains all the instructions (software) for the ECM and the file contains the performance maps for a specific engine. The file may be reprogrammed through flash programming. Event Code – An event code may be activated in order to indicate an abnormal engine operating condition. These codes usually indicate a mechanical problem instead of an electrical system problem. Failure Mode Identifier (FMI) – This identifier indicates the type of failure that is associated with the component. The FMI has been adopted from the SAE practice of J1587 diagnostics.
The FMI follows the parameter identifier (PID) in the descriptions of the fault code. The descriptions of the FMIs are in the following list. Flash Programming – Flash programming is the method of programming or updating an ECM with an electronic service tool over the data link instead of replacing components. FRC – See Fuel Ratio Control . 0 – The data is valid but the data is above the normal operational range. Fuel Injection Pump – This item is sometimes referred to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump. This is a device that supplies fuel under pressure to the fuel rail (high-pressure fuel rail). 1 – The data is valid but the data is below the normal operational range.
2 – The data is erratic, intermittent, or incorrect. Fuel Manifold (Rail) – This item is sometimes referred to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail. The fuel rail supplies fuel to the electronic unit injectors. The fuel injection pump and the fuel pressure sensor work with the ECM in order to maintain the desired fuel pressure in the fuel rail. This pressure is determined by calibration of the engine in order to enable the engine to meet emissions and performance requirements. 3 – The voltage is above normal or the voltage is shorted high. 4 – The voltage is below normal or the voltage is shorted low. 5 – The current is below normal or the circuit is open.
6 – The current is above normal or the circuit is grounded. Fuel Manifold (Rail) Pressure Sensor – The fuel rail pressure sensor sends a signal to the ECM that is dependent on the pressure of the fuel in the fuel rail. 7 – The mechanical system is not responding properly. Fuel Ratio Control (FRC) – The FRC is a limit that is based on the control of the ratio of the fuel to air. The FRC is used for purposes of emission control. When the ECM senses a higher intake manifold air pressure (more air into the cylinder), the FRC increases the FRC Limit (more fuel into the cylinder). 8 – There is an abnormal frequency, an abnormal pulse width, or an abnormal time period.
9 – There has been an abnormal update. 10 – There is an abnormal rate of change. 11 – The failure mode is not identifiable. The Solenoid Valve for the Fuel Injection Pump This is sometimes referred to as the High Pressure Fuel Rail Pump Solenoid Valve or the Suction Control Valve. This is a control device in the fuel injection pump. The ECM controls the pressure in the fuel rail by using this valve to divert excess fuel from the pump to the fuel tank. 12 – The device or the component is damaged. 13 – The device requires calibration. 14 – There is a special instruction for the device. 15 – The signal from the device is high (least severe).
16 – The signal from the device is high (moderate severity). Glow Plug – The glow plug is an optional starting aid for cold conditions. One glow plug is installed in each combustion chamber in order to improve the ability of the engine to start. The ECM uses information from the engine sensors such as the engine temperature to determine when the glow plug relay must provide power to each glow plug. Each of the glow plugs then provides a very hot surface in the combustion chamber in order to vaporize the mixture of air and fuel. This improves ignition during the compression stroke of the cylinder. 17 – The signal from the device is low (least severe).
18 – The signal from the device is low (moderate severity). 19 – There is an error in the data from the device. 20 – There is an error in the data from the device (high). 21 – There is an error in the data from the device (low). Glow Plug Control Unit – The glow plug control unit is controlled by the ECM in order to provide high current to the glow plugs. 31 – The device has failed and the engine has shut down.