15 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles TABLE 1.3 Model Year 2020 Battery Electric Vehicle Examples Make and Model All Electric Range (miles) Vehicle Type Powertrain:
Electric Motor/Battery-Pack Fuel Economy (miles/gge) (City/Combined/Highway) Tesla Model 3 long range Sedan/Wagon 211 kW electric motor; 230 Ah battery 136/130/123 373 Chevrolet Bolt EV Sedan/Wagon 150 kW electric motor; 188 Ah battery 127/118/108 259 Hyundai Kona Electric SUV 150 kW electric motor; 180 Ah battery 132/120/108 258 Kia Soul Sedan/Wagon 201 kW electric motor; 180 Ah battery 127/114/101 243 Jaguar I-PACE SUV 201 kW electric motor; 223 Ah battery 80/76/72 234 TABLE 1.4 Model Year 2020 Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Examples Powertrain:
Electric Motor/Engine Size Fuel Economy (miles/ gge), Gasoline; (City/ Combined/Highway) Fuel Economy, Combined (miles/gge) All Electric Range (miles) Make and Model Vehicle Type Karma Revero GT Sedan/Wagon; series hybrid 175 kW electric motor; 1.5 L, I3 27/26/25 N/A 61 Honda Clarity PHEV Sedan/Wagon; parallel hybrid 135 kW electric motor; 1.5 L, I4 44/42/40 110 48 Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid Van; parallel hybrid 89 kW electric motor; 3.6 L, V6 29/30/30 N/A 32 Hyundai Ioniq Plug-in Sedan/Wagon; parallel hybrid 32 kW electric motor; 1.6 L, I4 53/52/52 119 29 Kia Optima Plug-in Sedan/Wagon; parallel hybrid 50 kW electric motor; 2.0 L, I4 39/41/40 101 28 Ford Fusion Energi Plug-in Sedan/Wagon; parallel hybrid 68 kW electric motor; 2.0 L, I4 43/42/40 103 26 Toyota Prius Prime Sedan/Wagon; series–parallel hybrid 23 & 53 kW electric motor; 1.8 L, I4 55/53/54 133 25 (PEM) fuel cell.
Toyota built a prototype fuel cell vehicle in 1994 based on RAV4 sports utility vehicle (SUV) using a 20 kW PEM fuel cell. The range of NECAR1 was 81 miles, while the range for the Toyota vehicle, called FCHV, was 155 miles. In December 2002, the city of Los Angeles began leasing one of the five Honda FCX vehicles, which is the first fuel cell vehicle authorized for commercial use which had an 85 kW PEM fuel cell and a range of 185 miles. Between 2008 and 2014, Honda produced the Honda FCX Clarity, which is a fuel cell/battery hybrid using a 100 kW PEM fuel cell and a 288 V Li-ion battery-pack. The vehicle is powered by a 100 kW, 255 N m peak rated PM synchronous motor for propulsion.
The vehicle has a 72 miles/ kg fuel usage which is equivalent to 74 miles/gge (‘gge’ stands for gasoline gallon equivalent). Honda reintroduced the vehicle in 2017 as Honda Clarity Fuel Cell but with expansion of the brand to include the Honda Clarity Electric and the Honda Clarity Plug-in Hybrid. In 2020, four FCEVs are available which are given in Table 1.5 [7].