22 Electric and Hybrid Vehicles • Packaging and cooling: Design of components and systems for thermal management of electric powertrain components. • Battery-pack design and development: Engineers and scientists needed for design and development of batter-packs as well as for research on next-generation batteries. • EV infrastructure: Design and development of battery charging stations, hydrogen genera- tion, and storage and distribution systems. PROBLEMS 1. Search through reference materials and write a report on the following topics: i.
Commercial and research electric and hybrid vehicle programs around the world over the last 5 years describing the various programs, goals, power range, motor used, type of IC engine, battery source, etc. ii. Case study of a recent electric and hybrid vehicles. iii. State and/or Federal legislations and standardizations. 2. Using the GREET model (available from the Argonne National Laboratory website https://greet.es.anl.gov/, find the total energy usage and WTT, TTW, and WTW efficiencies of a BEV, an ICEV and a FCEV. REFERENCES 1. A. Venkatram and N. Schulte, Urban Transportation and Air Pollution , Elsevier Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands, June, 2018. 2. E.H.
Wakefield, History of Electric Automobile , SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 1994. 3. T.D. Gillespie, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics , SAE International, Warrendale, PA, 1992. 4. J.M. Miller, Propulsions Systems for Hybrid Vehicles , Institute of Electrical Engineers, London, 2004. 5. M.H. Westbrook, The Electric Car , The Institute of Electrical Engineers, London and Society of auto- motive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 2001. 6. R. Hodkinson and J. Fenton, Lightweight Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Design , Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, 2001. 7. “Model Year 2020 Vehicles,” Department of Energy Alternative Fuels Data Center. Online https://afdc.
energy.gov/vehicles/search/, accessed April 9, 2020. 8. Ulf Bossel, “Well-to-Wheel Studies, Heating Values, and the Energy Conservation Principle,” European Fuel Cell Forum. Online www.efcf.com/reports (E10), accessed October 22, 2003. 9. F. Kreith, R.E. West and B.E. Isler, “Efficiency of advanced ground transportation technologies,” Transactions of the ASME, Journal of Energy Resources Technology, 124, 173–179, September 2002. 10. Online https://greet.es.anl.gov/, accessed June 24, 2020. 11. S. Chanda, Powertrain Sizing and Energy Usage Adaptation Strategy for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles , M.S. Thesis, University of Akron, Akron, OH, 2008. 12.
Online https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/electricity/, accessed June 24, 2020. 13. J. DeCicco, F. An and M. Ross, “Technical options for improving the fuel economy of U.S. cars and light trucks by 2010-2015,” The Energy Foundation Report, April 2001. Online https://www.yumpu.com/en/ document/view/6776991/, accessed October 16, 2020. 14. P. Hertzke, N. Mьller, S. Schenk and T. Wu, “The Global Electric-vehicle Market is Amped Up and on the Rise,” McKinsey & Company, May 2018. Online https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/automotive- and-assembly/our-insights, accessed October 16, 2020.