8 SENR9977 Systems Operation Section Engines which are naturally aspirated pull outside air through an air cleaner directly into the inlet manifold (6). The air flows from the intake manifold to the engine cylinders (7). The fuel is mixed with the air in the engine cylinders. After the fuel combustion occurs in the engine cylinder, the exhaust gases flow directly to the outside air through the exhaust manifold (8). A turbocharger increases the temperature and the density of the air that is sent to the engine cylinder. This condition causes a lower temperature of ignition to develop earlier in the compression stroke.
The compression stroke is also timed in a more accurate way with the fuel injection. Surplus air lowers the temperature of combustion. This surplus air also provides internal cooling. Turbocharged engines pull outside air through an air cleaner into the air intake (4) of the turbocharger. The suction is caused by the turbocharger compressor wheel (3). Then, the turbocharger compressor wheel compresses the air. The air flows through the aftercooler (5). Cooling the inlet air increases combustion efficiency. Increased combustion efficiency helps achieve the following benefits: A turbocharger improves the following aspects of engine performance: Power output is increased.
Fuel efficiency is improved. Fuel consumption is reduced. Engine torque is increased. Power output is increased. Durability of the engine is improved. Emissions from the engine are reduced. Emissions from the engine are reduced. From the aftercooler (5), the air flows to the intake manifold (6) which directs an even distribution of the air to each engine cylinder (7). Air is pulled into the engine cylinder (7) during the intake stroke of the piston. Then, the air is mixed with fuel from the fuel injectors. Each piston makes four strokes: 1. Intake 2. Compression 3. Power 4.
Exhaust The sequence of the strokes by all of the pistons in all of the engine cylinders provide constant air flow through the inlet system during the engine operation. g00302786 Illustration 5 The exhaust stroke and the timing of the valve mechanism pushes combustion gases through the open exhaust valve into the exhaust manifold (8). The exhaust gases flow through the blades of the turbocharger turbine wheel (2) which causes the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel to turn. Then, the exhaust gases flow through the exhaust outlet (1) of the turbocharger to the outside.
Components of a turbocharger (typical example) (1) Air intake (2) Compressor housing (3) Compressor wheel (4) Bearing (5) Oil inlet port (6) Bearing (7) Turbine housing (8) Turbine wheel (9) Exhaust outlet (10) Oil outlet port (11) Exhaust inlet The air inlet system is also equipped with a crankcase ventilation system. The intake strokes of the pistons pull in atmospheric air to the crankcase. A turbocharger is installed between the exhaust and intake manifolds. The turbocharger is driven by exhaust gases which flow through the exhaust inlet (11). The energy of the exhaust gas turns the turbine wheel (8).
Then, the exhaust gas flows out of the turbine housing (7) through the exhaust outlet (9). Turbocharger Note: The turbocharger is not serviceable.