Downloaded from https://www.everyspec.com TABLE 8-1 APPLICATIONS, FUNCTIONS, AND EXAMPLES OF ND11 Areas of Appileation AUNWtOn PerormeId Aap Research and Evaluating materials, components, and Measuring fatigue In metals, do. Development parts; comparing end evaluating fabrication tecting cracks In wolds, and non. and assembly techniques; data acquisition, bends In bonded materials, procem Muasuring process variables and providing Redoics.atopa thickness gouging. Control control Information Quality Detecting and locating anomalies In Poor adhesive bonding, creacks In Control materials, defective parts, etc.. detecting welds, contaminated transistors, and locating fabrication and anumbly do.
non-uniform porosity In metals. facts, evaluating the production process. ln-seervic Detecting flaws, detects, wear, and do. Locating corrosion Inside got tanks, evaluation tericratlon of Items li, filaid use without detecting moisture In 'jon~od wing major disassembly, structures on aircraft, etc, photomlorogpaphs - photographs taken lustrated inl Fig, 8-1I The arrangement In through microscopes. Fiber optics technology Fig, 8-1 (A) ts ths more common. Radiation can be used to observe and record Information paisos through the object onto a film or other in otherwise Inaccess~ible aroas, such as the in. radiation detector.
The presence of flaws, side of fuel tanks or completed wing struc- anornalies, and foreign objects is revealed by tures. Wide-angie and long-range photography the image or detector-output,, it is a shadow- permit a large amount of information to be casting process. In the other arrangement, the rocorded. High-speed photography can pro- source and the detector are placed on the duce records of the dynamic characteristics iame side of the material (FIS. 8-11(11% radi- of a material or Item, Optical equipment is ation passe through the detector and strikes available on an off-tho-ahelf basis from many the material, causing scatter or 'secondary sources, emissions whichi are then detected.
Optial olorapy i a rpidy epaningD'fh nucleiir and atomic radiation itre used Optial hlogaphyIs arapdly xpaning In radiosraphic, NDIR. Some important field for NDE, providing 3-dimensionalchrtritc ftisehnqeaeum Imaging (Ref. 8). and offers substantial pro- aie n rbe83 mise. It is generally quito complux and will require experts in the field. X. and ganmma radiation, using sensitive film dotectoru, are widely used. These methods 863 RADIOGRAPHY can detect defects on the order of 1% of the malecriul thickness. Procedures have also beenA Radiography Is a method for examining the developed vildich use the Polaroid and Xero- bulk of solid objects, A radiographic system radiographic processes.
Color radiography is includcs three major components: the radi- available-, th a technique permits hue and ation source, the radiation detector, and the saturation to. be distinguished, In addition to material or item to be Inspected. The basic brightness, tio that areas of opacity can be arrangements of these components are ii- distinguished more easily. 1A.......... .W~ J .i~ ~ N. .,' . .... .. ... ...