Downloaded from https://www.everyspec.com Foundations of Risk Management Experience and other experts. Regulations, manuals, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and policies. Accident data. War-gaming what-if scenarios. Data from risk assessment matrixes. Readiness assessments. Cause and effect diagrams. Change analysis. Energy trace and barrier analysis. Logic diagrams. Mapping techniques. Training assessments. After action reviews (AARs). 1-18. The mission variables, also called the factors of METT-TC, are used primarily as part of the military decisionmaking process (MDMP) or troop leading procedures (TLP) for planning operations.
In addition, they provide a pattern for addressing threat- and accident-based risk for any activities, on- or off-duty. Mission 1-19. The nature of the mission may imply specific hazards and risks. Some missions are inherently more dangerous. Army leaders look for hazards associated with the complexity of plans and orders from higher headquarters, such as a particularly complex scheme of maneuver. The use of a fragmentary order in lieu of a detailed operation order or operation plan may also increase risk due to the possibility of misunderstanding mission guidance. Hazardous off-duty activities may include sporting or recreational activities or various means of travel.
Junior leaders have a particularly important role in making assessments that address the behavior of individuals under their supervision. Enemy 1-20. Commanders look for enemy presence or capabilities that pose hazards and risks to operations. They ask what the enemy or outside influences could do to defeat or spoil an operation. Information collection is a dynamic staff process that is critical to identifying enemy threats. Information collection supports threat-based risk assessments by identifying opportunities and any constraints the operational environment offers to both enemy and friendly forces. It also portrays a picture of enemy capabilities and vulnerabilities.
Terrain and Weather 1-21. Whether planning an operation or taking leave outside of the local area, Army leaders should include the aspect of terrain. The factors of observation and fields of fire, avenues of approach, key and decisive terrain, obstacles, and cover and concealment are used to identify and assess hazards affecting operations. Pre-trip and pre-combat inspection checklists are useful in making assessments associated with activities before executing an operation or performing a task. Common terrain hazards are elevation, altitude, road size and surfaces, curves, grades, and traffic density. 1-22. Weather can also create specific hazards and risks.
Common weather hazards are cold, ice, snow, rain, fog, heat, humidity, wind, dust, visibility, and illumination. Army leaders and individuals assess these factors for activities both on- and off-duty. Troops and Equipment 1-23. When assessing risk during operations, the variable troops is used to identify hazards and risks associated with the level of training, staffing, and equipment maintenance and condition. This factor also includes hazards related to morale, availability of supplies, and services. Moreover, it includes hazards related to the physical and emotional health of each individual. 14 April 2014 ATP 5-19 1-5