Table of contents Figures Figure 3-1 Important standards and the countries/regions in which they apply ............................................ 25 Figure 3-2 Standardization (Germany as example) ...................................................................................... 26 Figure 3-3 European Economic Area with EFTA and other countries .......................................................... 28 Figure 3-4 Development and publication of harmonized standards .............................................................. 29 Figure 3-5 Legal standard .............................................................................................................................
31 Figure 3-6 German interest groups for electrical engineering standardization projects ................................ 32 Figure 3-7 Development of a standard (Germany as example) .................................................................... 32 Figure 3-8 Excerpt from the Official Journal of the European Union ............................................................. 33 Figure 3-9 Excerpt from the Official Journal for the European Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU) ........... 34 Figure 3-10 Recommended application of standards ...................................................................................... 38 Figure 4-1 Example:
Countries and economic regions which require test and administrative marks ........... 39 Figure 4-2 Meaning of EU directives and legal consequences ..................................................................... 40 Figure 4-3 Example: Rating plate with CE, CCC and EAC markings ........................................................... 42 Figure 5-1 TN-C-S system ............................................................................................................................. 47 Figure 5-2 IT system ......................................................................................................................................
48 Figure 5-3 TT system (N conductor as required) .......................................................................................... 48 Figure 5-4 Oscillogram of a short-circuit disconnection by a fuse ................................................................. 51 Figure 5-5 Degree of protection provided by enclosures: International Protection ....................................... 52 Figure 5-6 Test finger (dimensions in mm) ....................................................................................................
56 Figure 5-8 Clearance ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 5-7 Parts dangerous to touch, dimensions in mm .............................................................................. 57 Figure 5-9 Creepage distance ....................................................................................................................... 59 Figure 5-10 Transient and temporary overvoltage .......................................................................................... 60 Figure 5-11 Example:
Tripping characteristics ................................................................................................ 68 Figure 5-12 SELV ............................................................................................................................................ 73 Figure 5-13 PELV ............................................................................................................................................ 74 Figure 5-15 Calculation of average heating effect ...........................................................................................
79 Figure 5-14 FELV ............................................................................................................................................ 74 Figure 6-1 Defining boundaries between areas of responsibility of user and supplier .................................. 82 Figure 6-2 Separate terminals for neutral conductor and protective conductor ............................................ 84 Figure 6-3 Example: Labeling of terminal for the external protective conductor ........................................... 85 Figure 6-4 Selection of Siemens switch disconnectors compliant with IEC 60947-3 ....................................
87 Figure 6-5 Selection of Siemens circuit breakers compliant with IEC 60947-2............................................. 87 Figure 6-6 Examples of external operating means (handles) for supply disconnecting devices .................. 88 Figure 6-7 Example: Dimensioning of supply disconnecting device / main disconnect ................................ 89 Control Panels compliant with IEC Standards and European Directives 14 Reference Manual, 10/2017, A5E38284819002A/RS-AB/002