UNIT IV: Machine Translation and Semantic Processing Introduction to Machine Translation (MT), Language Divergence and Typology in MT Encoder- Decoder Model for Machine Translation, Translating in Low-Resource Scenarios, MT Evaluation Metrics and Techniques, Bias and Ethical Issues in NLP and Machine Translation, Semantic Analysis and First-Order Logic in NLP, Thematic Roles and Selectional Restrictions in Semantics, Word Senses and Relations Between Senses UNIT V: Speech Processing and Advanced NLP Models Speech Fundamentals: Phonetics and Acoustic Phonetics, Digital Signal Processing in Speech Analysis, Feature Extraction in Speech:
Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) and Perceptual Linear Prediction (PLP), Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) in Speech Recognition.