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US011027988B2 ( 12 ) United States Patent Nickelsen et al . ( 10 ) Patent No .: US 11,027,988 B2 ( 45 ) Date of Patent : * Jun . 8 , 2021 ( 54 ) SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REMOVING AND CONCENTRATING PER AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES ( PFAS ) FROM WATER ( 58 ) Field of Classification Search CPC B01D 3/00 ; B01D 2311/2623 ; B01D 61/147 ; B01J 41/05 ; B01J 49/57 ; CO2F 1/42 ; CO2F 1/58 ; CO2F 2303/16 See application file for complete search history . ( 71 ) Applicant : Emerging Compounds Treatment Technologies , Inc. , Irvine , CA ( US ) ( 56 ) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS ( 72 ) Inventors : Michael G. Nickelsen , Bloomfield , NY ( US ) ; Steven E.

Woodard , Cumberland , ME ( US ) ; John C. Berry , Mooresville , NC ( US ) 5,951,874 A * 9/1999 Jangbarwala B01J 49/08 210/662 BO1J 41/05 10,287,185 B2 * 5/2019 Nickelsen ( Continued ) ( 73 ) Assignee : Emerging Compounds Treatment Technologies , Inc. , Irvine , CA ( US ) FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS ( * ) Notice : EP EP 1700869 A1 1 935 490 A1 9/2006 6/2008 Subject to any disclaimer , the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154 ( b ) by 0 days . ( Continued ) This patent is subject to a terminal dis claimer . OTHER PUBLICATIONS ( 21 ) Appl . No .: 16 / 410,223 Conte et al .

, Polyfluorinated Organic Micropollutants Removal from Water by Ion Exchange and Adsorption , Chemical Engineer ing Transactions , vol . 43 , 2015 , pp . 2257-2262 . ( Continued ) ( 22 ) Filed : May 13 , 2019 ( 65 ) Prior Publication Data US 2019/0263684 A1 Aug. 29 , 2019 Primary Examiner Ana M Fortuna ( 74 ) Attorney , Agent , or Firm landiorio Teska & Coleman , LLP Related U.S. Application Data ( 57 ) ABSTRACT A sustainable system for removing and concentrating per and polyfluoroalkyl substances ( PFAS ) from water . The system includes an anion exchange vessel having a selected anion exchange resin therein configured to remove PFAS from the water .

A line coupled to the vessel introduces a flow of water contaminated with PFAS such that the PFAS bind to the selected anion exchange resin and are thereby removed from the water . A regenerant solution line is coupled to the anion exchange vessel to introduce an opti mized regenerant solution to the anion exchange vessel to remove the PFAS from the anion exchange resin , thereby regenerating the anion exchange resin and generating a spent ( 63 ) Continuation of application No. 15 / 477,350 , filed on Apr. 3 , 2017 , now Pat . No. 10,287,185 . ( Continued ) ( 51 ) Int . CI . CO2F 1/42 ( 2006.01 ) B01J 41/05 ? ( 2017.01 ) ( Continued ) ( 52 ) U.S. CI . ???

CO2F 1/42 ( 2013.01 ) ; B01J 41/05 ( 2017.01 ) ; BOIJ 41/12 ( 2013.01 ) ; BOIJ 49/57 ( 2017.01 ) ; ( Continued ) ( Continued ) 140 Flow of what 116 Treated Water 100 Recialmed Solvent 132 00000 Sample tap 134 158 112 110 Condenser Optimized Regenerant Solution 104 104 .

Separation and Recovery Subsystem 124 0 112 Solvent Purification Subsystem 140 0 0 Regenerant Solution Makeup Tank Anion Evaporation Subsystem 130 Distilation Subsystem 142 Membrane Separation Subsystem 144 156 Sample tap Exchange Vessel 102 138 114 162 104 104 Solution of Concentrated PFAS , Salt or Base , and Water 136 160 Flow of Water 22 Contaminated Spent with PFAS 108 Regenerant Solution 120 -104 Reclaimed Purified Solvent | -172 Superloading Recovery Subsystem 126 1 704 o 170 -152 Reclaimed Regenerant Solution Concentrated salt or base , water

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US 11,027,988 B2 Page 2 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS regenerant solution comprised of the removed PFAS and the optimized regenerant solution . A separation and recovery subsystem recovers the optimized regenerant solution for reuse and separates and concentrates the removed PFAS . 12/1977 3/2000 2/2002 4/2012 10/2015 33 Claims , 4 Drawing Sheets JP JP JP WO WO 52156171 A 2000070934 A 200259160 A 2012043870 A1 2015160926 A1 OTHER PUBLICATIONS Related U.S. Application Data Edison Muzenda , A Critical Discussion of Volatile Organic Com pounds Recovery Techniques ” , International Journal of Biological , Ecological and Environmental Sciences , vol . 2 , No. 4 , 2013 , pp . 73-78 .

Purolite , Purofine PFA600 Product Data Sheet , Mar. 10 , 2017 , one ( 60 ) Provisional application No. 62 / 321,929 , filed on Apr. 13 , 2016 . ( 1 ) page . Purolite , Purolite A532E Product Data Sheet , Apr. 6 , 2017 , one ( 1 ) page . Appleman , T.D. et al . , Treatment of Poly- and Perfluoroalkyl Substances in U.S. Full - Scale Water Treatment Systems , Water Research 51 , 2014 , pp . 246-255 . Chularueangaksorn , P. et al . , Regeneration and Reusability of Anion Exchange Resin Used in Perfluorooctane Sulfonate Removal by Batch Experiments ” , Journal of Applied Polymer Science , 2013 , pp . 884-890 . Deng S. , et el .

, Removal of Perfluorooctane Sulfonate from Waste water by Anion Exchange Resins : Effects of Resin Properties and Solution Chemistry ” , Water Research 44 , 2010 , pp . 5188-5195 . Du , Z. , et al . , Adsorption Behavior and Mechanism of Perfluorinated Compounds on Various Adsorbents - A Review ” , Journal of Hazard ous Materials , 274 , 2014 , pp . 443-454 . Rahman et al . , Behaviour and Fate of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ( PFAS ) in Drinking Water Treatment " : A Review , Water Research 50 , 2014 , pp . 318-340 . Zaggia et al .

, Use of strong anion exchange resins for the removal of perfuloroalkylated substances from contaminated drinking water in batch and continuous pilot plants , Water Research 91 ( 2016 ) , pp . 137-146 . Written Opinion of the International Application No. PCT / US2017025754 dated Jul . 6 , 2017 ( six ( 6 ) pages ) . Dudley , Leigh - Ann Marie Bender , Removal of Perfluorinated Compounds by Powdered Activated Carbon , Superfine Powdered Activated Carbon , and Anion Exchange Resins , Master's Thesis , Environmental Engineering , North Carolina State University , 2012 , ( 51 ) Int . CI . B01 ) 41/12 ( 2017.01 ) ? 01 ?

49/57 ( 2017.01 ) BOID 1/00 ( 2006.01 ) B01D 3/00 ( 2006.01 ) CO2F 101/36 ( 2006.01 ) BOIL 1/00 ( 2006.01 ) BOIL 3/00 ( 2006.01 ) ( 52 ) U.S. Cl . CPC B01D 1/00 ( 2013.01 ) ; B01D 3700 ( 2013.01 ) ; BOIL 1/00 ( 2013.01 ) ; BOIL 3/00 ( 2013.01 ) ; CO2F 2001/422 ( 2013.01 ) ; CO2F 2101/36 ( 2013.01 ) ; CO2F 2303/16 ( 2013.01 ) ( 56 ) References Cited BOID 53/0438 CO2F 1/42 10,695,709 B2 * 10,913,668 B2 * 2004/0010156 A1 2005/0145571 A1 2005/0177000 Al 2008/0182913 Al 2011/0280726 A1 * U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 6/2020 Woodard 2/2021 Nickelsen 1/2004 Kondo et al . 7/2005 Strauss et al . 8/2005 Fuhrer et al . 7/2008 Higuchi et al . 11/2011 Ochoa F04D 29/601 416/63 185 pages .

2013/0334140 A1 2017/0297926 A1 2019/0263684 A1 12/2013 Podesta et al . 10/2017 Nickelsen et al . 8/2019 Nickelsen et al . * cited by examiner

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U.S. Patent Jun . 8 , 2021 Sheet 1 of 4 US 11,027,988 B2 10 12 14 F F F F F F F F ?? O == F F F F F F F FIO FIG . 1

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U.S. Patent Jun . 8 , 2021 Sheet 2 of 4 US 11,027,988 B2 24 16 -22 10 12 38 -18 20 18 12 26 . -22 18 18 18 -10 12 26 12 20 24 10 -22 18 38 20 -18 38 -18 22 18 -18 30 38 20 Polystyrene polymer chain 22 Divinylbenzene crosslink 18 Fix ion exchange site 38 Inorganic exchangeable counter ions 24 Sulfonate group 26 Carboxylate group 12 PFAS hydrophopic tail FIG . 2

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