vi Contents Chapter 6: Computer-Aided Design and Analysis...................................................59 Organizations and Analysis Products.......................................................................... 59 Analysis Tools............................................................................................................. 61 Battery Sizing Tools.................................................................................................... 62 Chapter 7: Lithium-Ion and Other Cell Chemistries................................................65 Lead Acid....................................................................................................................
66 Nickel Metal-Based Chemistries................................................................................. 72 Sodium-Based Chemistries......................................................................................... 74 Lithium-Ion Cells........................................................................................................ 75 Cathode Chemistries................................................................................................... 78 Anode Materials..........................................................................................................
80 Separators.................................................................................................................... 81 Electrolytes.................................................................................................................. 82 Safety Features............................................................................................................ 83 Lithium-Ion Cell Types and Sizes............................................................................... 84 Lithium-Ion Cell Manufacturers................................................................................. 86 Chapter 8:
Battery Management System Controls.................................................91 BMS Typologies.......................................................................................................... 92 BMS Hardware............................................................................................................ 93 Balancing..................................................................................................................... 95 Active versus Passive Balancing................................................................................. 98 Additional BMS Functionality....................................................................................
99 Software and Controls............................................................................................... 100 Chapter 9: System Control Electronics................................................................103 Contactors/Relays...................................................................................................... 104 High-Voltage Interlock Loop.................................................................................... 106 Fuses..........................................................................................................................
106 Battery Disconnect Unit............................................................................................ 108 Connectors................................................................................................................. 109 Charging.................................................................................................................... 110 Chapter 10: Thermal Management....................................................................115 Why Cooling?...........................................................................................................
119 Why Heating?............................................................................................................ 122 Active Thermal Management Systems...................................................................... 123 Passive Thermal Management Systems.................................................................... 127 Temperature—Protection and Insulation.................................................................. 128 Thermocouples and Measurement............................................................................ 129 Chapter 11:
Mechanical Packaging and Material Selection...................................131 Module Designs......................................................................................................... 132 Use of Metals in Battery Design............................................................................... 133 Use of Plastics and Composites in Battery Design................................................... 135 Sealed Enclosures...................................................................................................... 135