Workshop Manual S3.8 Engine A030K288 (Issue 2) 01-2010 Section 3 ENGINE OPERATION IN COLD WEATHER Satisfactory performance of a diesel engine operating in low ambient temperature conditions requires modification of the engines, surrounding equipment, operating practices and maintenance procedures. The colder the temperature encountered the greater the amount of modification required and yet with the modifications applied, the engines must still be capable of operation in warmer climates without extensive changes.
The following information is provided to engine owners, operators and maintenance personnel on how the modifications can be applied to get satisfactory performance from their diesel engines. There are three basic objectives to be accomplished : a change to warmer climate normally required only a minimum of revision. Most of the accessories should be designed in such a way that they can be disconnected so there is little effect on the engine when they are not in use.
The two commonly used terms associated with preparation of equipment for low temperature operation are ''Winterization'' and ''Artic Specifications.'' Winterization of the engine and/or components so starting and operation possible in the lowest temperature to be encountered requires : 1. Use of correct materials. 2. Proper lubrication, low temperature lubricating oil. 1. Reasonable starting characteristics followed by practical and dependable warm-up of engine and equipment. 3. Protection from the low temperature air. The metal temperature does not change, but the rate of heat dissipation is affected. 2. A unit of installation which is as independent as possible from external influences. 4.
Fuel of proper grade for lowest temperature. 3. Modifications which maintain satisfactory operating temperatures with a minimum increase in maintenance of the equipment and accessories. 5. Heating to be provided to increase engine block and component temperature to a minimum of -25 ° F (-32 ° C) for starting in lower temperatures. 6. Proper external heating source available. 4. Winterize Winterize Artic Specifications 7. Electrical equipment capable of operating in 3° ° F (-1°C) to -1° ° F (-23 ° C) to -25 ° F (-32 ° C) to -1° ° F (-23 ° C) -25 ° F (-32 ° C) -65 ° F (-54 ° C) lowest expected temperature.
Artic Specification refer to the design material and specifications of components necessary for satisfactory engine operation in extreme low temperatures to -65 ° F (-54 ° C). Contact Cummins India Limited or the equipment manufacturer to obtain the special items required. Use antifreeze to Use ethylene glycol Use ethylene glycol protect to antifreeze 5°% antifreeze 5°% -2° ° F (-29 ° C) water 5°% water 5°% mixture. If satisfactory engine temperature is not maintained higher maintenance cost will result due to increased engine wear, poor performance and formation of excessive carbon, varnish and other deposits.
Special provisions to overcome low temperatures are definitely necessary, whereas Caution : ''Anti-leak'' antifreeze are not recommended to use in Cummins Engines. The ''anti-leak'' agents may clog the coolant filters and render them ineffective. 17