xii Contents Chapter 11 Vehicle Controllers and Communication .................................................................343 11.1 Vehicle Controllers ........................................................................................343 11.1.1 Microcontroller Types ......................................................................344 11.1.2 Microcontroller Components ...........................................................345 11.1.2.1 Central Processing Unit ....................................................345 11.1.2.2 Memory and Registers ......................................................346 11.1.2.3 Timers and Counters .........................................................346 11.1.2.4 Peripherals ........................................................................347 11.1.3 Functional Safety Standard ISO 26262 ............................................347 11.2 Controller Software Development .................................................................348 11.2.1 AUTOSAR .......................................................................................348 11.2.2 Software Development Tools ...........................................................349 11.2.3 Application Controller Implementation ...........................................350 11.2.3.1 Motor Controller ...............................................................350 11.3 Vehicle Communications ...............................................................................
353 11.3.1 OSI Seven-Layer Model ................................................................... 353 11.3.2 In-Vehicle Communications ............................................................. 355 11.4 Controller Area Network ...............................................................................356 11.4.1 CAN Transfer Protocol .................................................................... 357 11.4.2 CAN Transfer Layer ......................................................................... 358 11.4.2.1 Bit Timing .........................................................................
358 11.4.2.2 CAN Message Frames ...................................................... 359 11.4.2.3 Message Arbitration .......................................................... 361 11.4.2.4 Error Detection and Error Signaling ................................
361 11.4.3 CAN Physical Layer .........................................................................362 11.4.4 CAN Programming ..........................................................................363 References ................................................................................................................366 Chapter 12 Electric Vehicles and the Power Grid.......................................................................367 12.1 Vehicle Grid Interface ...................................................................................367 12.1.1 G2V, V2G, V2V and V2H Frameworks ...........................................368 12.2 Electric Vehicle Charging .............................................................................369 12.2.1.1 480 V Fast Charger ...........................................................370 12.2.1.2 MV Fast Charger ..............................................................
371 12.2.2 Electric Vehicle Charging Station ....................................................
376 12.2.3 Grid Impacts of Fast Chargers .........................................................378 12.3 Electric Vehicles in Microgrids .....................................................................379 12.2.1 DC Fast Chargers .............................................................................370 12.3.1 Microgrids and Controls ..................................................................379 12.3.1.1 Primary- and Secondary-Level Controls ..........................379 12.3.1.2 Droop-Based Controls ......................................................380 12.3.1.3 Oscillator-Based Controls .................................................382 12.3.1.4 Tertiary Control ................................................................382 12.3.2 V2H and H2V Power Converter .......................................................383 12.3.3 Solar Generation Integration with Electric Vehicles ........................384 12.3.3.1 Coordinated Control of Solar PV Generation, Storage and PEV ...............................................................385 References ................................................................................................................387