4BY2_6BY2_SM.book — page 30 of 248

GENERAL SERVICE INFORMATION Diesel Fuel DIESEL FUEL Biodiesel Fuels Yanmar approves the use of biodiesel fuels that do not exceed a blend of 5% non-mineral oil based fuel with 95% standard diesel fuel. Such biodiesel fuels are known in the marketplace as B5 biodiesel fuels. B5 biodiesel fuel can reduce particulate matter and the emission of “greenhouse” gases compared to standard diesel fuel. NOTICE: If the B5 biodiesel fuel used does not meet the approved specifications, it will cause abnormal wear of injectors, reduce the life of the engine and it may affect the warranty coverage of the engine. Diesel Fuel Specifications Diesel fuel should comply with the following specifications.

The table lists several specifications for diesel fuels. Additional Technical Fuel Requirements The biodiesel fuels must meet the minimum specifications for the country in which they are used: The fuel cetane number should be equal to 48 or higher. In Europe, biodiesel fuels must comply with the European Standard EN14214. The sulfur content must not exceed 0.3% by volume. Less than 0.05% is preferred. In the United States, biodiesel fuels must comply with the American Standard ASTM D-6751. Water and sediment in the fuel should not exceed 0.05% by volume. Biodiesel should be purchased only from recognized and authorized diesel fuel suppliers. Ash content not to exceed 0.01% by mass.

Carbon residue content not to exceed 0.35% by volume. Less than 0.1% is preferred. Total aromatics content should not exceed 35% by volume. Less than 30% is preferred. PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) content should be below 10% by volume. NEVER mix kerosene, used engine oil, or residual fuels with the diesel fuel. NEVER use Biocide or mix winter and summer fuels. Keep the fuel tank and fuel-handling equipment clean at all times. Poor quality fuel can reduce engine performance and / or cause engine damage. Fuel additives are not recommended. Some fuel additives may cause poor engine performance.