Downloaded from https://www.everyspec.com FM 34-54 ITALIAN: Italian uses acute > on and grave on vowels to indicate unusual accent. Some type fonts may substitute circumflex for grave. Normally there will be no more than one grave per word, and it will appear on the last vowel or third from last vowel. Definite article forms: il, lo, i, gli, la, le. Northern European languages include North Germanic and Slavic, as well as unique languages of the Finno-Ugric family. The distinguishing features of each are described below. SWEDISH: Swedish uses dieresis u > on and and krouzek > on . A O frequent word is och; meaning "and." DANISH AND NORWEGIAN:
Danish and Norwegian use the same alphabet as Swedan. They use krouzek > on and slash on , and a special letter, the ae O digraph . Written Danish and Norwegian are difficult to tell apart, but anyone who can read one can make sense out of the other. A frequent word in both languages is og; meaning "and." FINNISH: Finnish is very different from the other northern European languages, but it is similar to Estonian. Finnish uses dieresis u > on and . About 60 percent of the average text consists of vowels (including ). Look for frequent double vowels; , , , etc. ESTONIAN: Estonian uses tilde on , dieresis u > on , and hacek > V on infrequently in foreign words.
At first glance Estonian looks very much like Finnish, and both are of the Finno-Ugric family. To tell the two languages apart, look for (Finnish) or with dieresis (Estonian). HUNGARIAN: Hungarian uses acute > on , dieresis u > on , and double acute > on . These three diacritics are very frequent and should all appear in an average paragraph. Definite article forms: a, az. Although not Northern European, Hungarian is listed here because it is in the Finno-Ugric family. G-7 NORTHERN EUROPEAN LANGUAGES