3.
住宅折返 Residential Reentry RR )係以限定罪犯居住在特 定處所替代傳統刑罰的處遇措施。其外觀與一般社會保持基本連結關 係,罪犯必須遵守居住管理規章,包括作息、門禁、會客,再透過各 種活動促進回歸社會生活 53 。所謂「住宅」為權責機關指定之特定處 Residential Reentry Center RRC 一種典型的「住宅式社區矯治機構」( Residential Community Corrections Facilities )。其來源大致上有兩種,較常見的是 從監獄 轉介 ,係由州監獄轉移到該機構收容,專門提供重罪人犯在回歸社 區生活之前,在一個經過設計的結構化環境,接受生活監督、諮商輔 導 54 、戒癮治療 55 或就業訓練。收容人數通常在 5 到 25 人之間 56 ,監督管 理程度屬於低度或中度安全管理層級,有些中心限於收容成年男性, 有些限於女性,有些僅限於少年( Juvenile Residential Facilities 57 有些特定為戒毒者或戒酒者而設 58 。另一種則是 從社區轉介 常以社區矯治工作人員管理門禁,或依行政契約囑託民營機構進行安 置或技能訓練,屬於「半自由機構」,根據田野調查,這種住宅式社 區矯治機構有 2 成以上是私人經營的社會福利機構,有些經營沒幾年 即可能礙於種種因素而倒閉或與其他機構合併 59 住宅折返方案附帶提供罪犯得因必要理由而在監督下暫時外出, 例如就業、去其他特定處所參加精神健康諮詢或門診、參加藥物濫用 療程,並可與家屬、社區經常接觸、電話聯繫或上網。緣於外觀型態 雷同,一般人極易將宵禁、限制住居、出席報到中心等方案,誤認為 住宅折返的一種型態。實則宵禁、限制住居、出席報到中心均須依附 53 Hiller ML, Knight K, Broome KM, Simpson DD.
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