Текст документа
The following message is applicable to FCC Class B version units only : Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15, of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation.
If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: , Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for help. You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful:
"How to Identify and Resolve Radio- TV Interference Problems" This booklet is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC20402, Stock No. 004-000- 003454. To ensure that the use of this product does not contribute to interference, it is necessary to use shielded I/O cables. i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 Organisation of manual 1-1 1.2 Other sources of information 1-3 2. Central Processing Unit 2-1 3. Memory organisation 3-1 3.1 System address map 3-1 3.2 ROM 3-2 3.2.1 The BASIC interpreter 3-3 3.2.2 The system monitor 3-3 3.2.3 I/O firmwares 3-4 3.2.3.1 I/O firmwares map .... 3-4 3.2.3.2 I/O firmware control 3-5 3.3 RAM 3-7 3.3.1 RAM memory usage 3-8 3.3.2 High-bank RAM memory 3-11 3.3.2.1 High-bank RAM switches 3-12 3.3.3 Low-bank RAM memory 3-19 3.3.3.1 Zero page RAM and the stack 3-19 3.3.3.2 $200-$BFFF RAM memory 3-20 3.3.3.3 Display buffer memory 3-26 3.4 Hardware page 3-37 II
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. Keyboard and speaker 4-1 4.1 Keyboard 4-1 4.1.1 Accessing the keyboard 4-6 4.1.2 Special function keys and switches 4-8 4.2 Speaker 4-10 5.
The video display 5-1 5.1 Text modes 5-4 5.1.1 Character sets 5-5 5.1.2 Memory mapping 5-8 5.1.2.1 40-column text 5-8 5.1.2.2 80-column text 5-10 5.2 Graphics modes 5-12 5.2.1 Low-resolution graphics 5-13 5.2.2 Double-low-resolution graphics 5-15 5.2.3 High-resolution graphics 5-19 5.2.3.1 Monochrome high- resolution graphics 5-19 5.2.3.2 Color high-resolution graphics 5-22 5.2.4 Double-high-resolution graphics 5-25 5.2.4.1 Monochrome double- resolution graphics 5-25 5.2.4.2 Color double-high- resolution graphics 5-28 5.3 Mixed graphics/text modes 5-32 5.4 Secondary display page 5-33 III
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 6. Disk input/output 6-1 6.1 Basic operating principles of disk drives 6-2 6.2 Universal Disk controller 6-6 6.3 Interfacing with non-intelligent 5.25" disk drives 6-8 6.3.1 Moving the read/write head .... 6-9 6.3.2 Reading data from the disk drive 6-13 6.3.3 Writing data to the diskette .... 6-17 6.4 Interfacing with non-intelligent 3.5" disk drives 6-20 6.4.1 Reading dive status 6-22 6.4.2 Sending commands to the disk drive 6-25 6.4.3 Reading disk data 6-27 6.4.4 Writing data to the disk drive 6-29 6.5 Interfacing with intelligent disk drives 6-31 7. Expansion RAM 7-1 7.1 Accessing the expansion RAM 7-1 7.2 Applications of the expansion RAM 7-4 8.
Parallel printer port and serial ports 8-1 8.1 Parallel printer port 8-1 8.2 Serial ports 8-3 IV
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