Apple Lisa Operating System Reference Manual — Developer Guide PDF

Licensing Requirements for Software Developers Appie has a low-cost licensing program, which permits developers of software for the Lisa to incorporate Apple-developed libraries and object code files into their products. Both in-house and external distribution require a license. Before distributing any products that incorporate Apple software, please contact Software Licensing at the address below for both licensing and technical information. ©1983 by Apple Computer, Inc. 20525 Mariani Avenue Cupertino, California 95014 (408) 996-1010 Apple, Lisa, and the Apple logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada.

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Customer Satisfaction If you discover physical defects in the manuals distributed with a Lisa product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will replace the documentation or media at no charge to you during the 90-day period after you purchased the product. Product Revisions Unless you have purchased the product update service available through your authorized Lisa dealer, Apple cannot guarantee that you will receive notice of a revision to the software described in this manual, even if you have returned a registration card received with the product. You should check periodically with your authorized Lisa dealer.

All implied warranties concerning this manual and media, including implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, are limited in duration to ninety (90) days from the date of original retail purchase of this product. Limitation on Warranties and Liability Even though Apple has tested the software described in this manual and reviewed its contents, neither Apple nor its software suppliers make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to this manual or to the software described in this manual, their quality, performance, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose.

As a result, this software and manual are sold "as is," and you the purchaser are assuming the entire risk as to their quality and performance. In no event will Apple or its software suppliers be liable for direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect in the software or manual, even if they have been advised of the possibility of such damages. In particular, they shall have no liability for any programs or data stored in or used with Apple products, including the costs of recovering or reproducing these programs or data The warranty and remedies set forth above are exclusive and in lieu of all others, oral or written, express or implied.

No Apple dealer, agent or employee is authorized to make any modification, extension or addition to this warranty. Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of implied warranties or liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may also have other rights that vary from state to state. i i i

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This manual and the software (computer programs) described in it are copyrighted by Apple or by Apple's software suppliers, with all rights reserved, and they are covered by the Lisa Software License Agreement signed by each Lisa owner. Under the copyright laws and the License Agreement, this manual or the programs may not be copied, in whole or in part, without the written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the software or to make a backup copy.

This exception does not allow copies to be made for others, whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased (with all backup copies) may be sold, given, or loaned to other persons if they agree to be bound by the provisions of the License Agreement. Copying includes translating into another language or format. License and Copyright You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copies cannot be made for this purpose. For some products, a multiuse license may be purchased to allow the software to be used on more than one computer owned by the purchaser, including a shared-disk system.

(Contact your authorized Lisa dealer for more information on multiuse licenses.) Product Revisions Unless you have purchased the product update service available through your authorized Lisa dealer, Apple cannot guarantee that you will receive notice of a revision to the software described in this manual, even if you have returned a registration card received with the product. You should check periodically with your authorized Lisa dealer. iv

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Contents Chapter 1 frrtroduction 1.1 The Main Functions 1-1 1.2 Using the OS Functions 1-1 1.3 The File System... 1-2 1.4 Process Management 1-3 1.5 Memory Management 1-4 1.6 Exceptions and Events 1-5 1.7 interprocess Crjrnrnunicatlon....

1-5 1.8 Using the OS Interface 1-6 1.9 Running Programs under the OS 1-6 1.10 Writing Programs That Use the OS 1-6 Chapter 2 The File System 2.1 File Names 2-1 2.2 The Working Directory 2-2 2.3 Devices 2-3 2.4 Storage Devices 2-3 2.5 The Volume Catalog 2-4 2.6 Labels...., 2-4 2.7 Logical and Physical End of File 2-4 2.8 File Access 2-5 2.9 Pipes 2-6 2.10 File System Calls 2-7 Chapter 3 Processes 3.1 Process Structure 3-2 3.2 Process Hierarchy 3-2 3.3 Process Creation 3-3 3.4 Process Control 3-3 3.5 Process Scheduling 3-3 3.6 Process Termination 3-4 3.7 A Process-Handling Example 3-5 3.8 Process System Calls 3-7 029-0415-A V

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