vii Expressions . , . , . , , ... , , ..... , . , . , , . . .. ." ....... , ...... " ....... ,', ....... , 75 External Symbols and Elements' . , ... , . , , ....... , , , , , ..... , .... , ... , ........ , , 77 Other Absolute Elements' , , . .. . ... ,", .... ,.. .,.., .. , , . , , ... , , . . . . . .. ,., 78 Utilities' ........... . . .............. " ........ , ....... , .... , .... , ............. 79 Chapter 5: Arithmetic Binary Coded Decimal ....... , ........ , ......... ' ........ , ............... "., .. 83 Arithmetic Machine Instructions , ..... , .......... " .. " ........ , .. , ......... , ..... 84 BCD Registers· . , .. , , . , , . , ........... , ... ,." .............. ' , ...
"' ......... , 84 BCD Arithmetic ... . . . . . . . . . .. ..... . .. , ... , ................ , .. , ... ,., ..... ,. 84 Addition , ..... , ......... ,.... , .... , , . , . . . . . . . . . .. . .... , ................ ,. 85 Ten's Complement for BCD, , ........ , ... , . , , .. , . , .... , ...... , ..... , . , ...... ·86 Floating Point Summations ' . , .... , , ........ , ............. ,.. , ...... " ...... 88 Normalization , ............. , .... , ........ , ........ , ., ,.. .., ...... ,. ··,·89 Floating Point Multiplication ...... , ......... , .............. ,.,. . ........... 90 Floating Point Division ., ...... , , ... , ... , ....... , , ..... , ......... , .... ,., ...
92 Rounding ..... ,. .... " .. , .. " ........ ,.. .".. ., ...... , .. " .. '.... ..... 89 The FDV Instruction ' ., .... . ........ , ..... , ., .. , .. , ........ , .. ,"', .. ,. 94 Thirteen-Digit Dividends' .. . ... , .... , ..... ···,········,·,··············95 Floating-Point Division Example' .... , ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ····,,·····,···96 Arithmetic Utilities' , . , ......... , ...... , , .. ' .. " .. , .... " .. " ...... , ..... ,...... 99 Utility: ReI-math ., .. ,.... ,·······:···············,·······,········,······,99 Utility: Rel-to-int .......... , . " .. ".,., .................................. 102 Utility: Rel-to-sho ' , ........ , .. ' . . . . . . . . . . ., ., ......
" ..... ,.,.,' ... , ... 103 Utility: Int-to-rel .. , .... , ... , ..... , ......... ,.. ." .. " ........... , ..... 104 Utility: Sho-to-rel .'" ... , . , ... , ., ......... , .. "., .... , ....... , ........ ,. 105 Chapter 6: Communication Between BASIC and Assembly Language The ICALL Statement .. , . . .. , ................ , .. , .......... , ....... , ......... 107 Corresponding Assembly Language Statements ........ , ... , .............. " .. 108 Arguments· ...... , ............. , ' .............. , .... ,. ..,., ..... ".. . ... 109 "Blind" Parameters ................ . .. ,........... . .... , ....... , ...... , . 112 Getting Information on Arguments ........... " .. ,., ...... , ....
, ... , ....... ,. 113 Utility: Get-info ............... .......... ........... . .... , ........ ,. 114 Retrieving the Value of an Argument ...... ., ...... ,..... . .. , ........ ,. . .. 116 Utility: Get-value ......... ,., ...... , ..... , ............... , ... , ... , .. , .. 117 Utility: Get-element· . , ' , ..... , , ........ , , .... , , , , .. , . .. , .... ,., ....... 118 Utility: Get-bytes .... , ......... ,., ., .. ,··.··.····,,·················,119 Utility: Get-elem-bytes .. , , . ' , ..... , , ....... , , , ... , ...... , , , .... , ...... 120