94 Chapter 8 (VTM) board, cell supervision circuit (CSC), and many others. But in any case, similar design focus should be made in the slave boards. Especially important in the slave board design is the balancing circuit and the waste-heat management of the boards. With a passive-type balancing system, these boards will convert energy into waste heat. The boards must be designed in such a way as to minimize the impact of the heat on either the cells or the board components itself. Another important aspect of the electronic hardware design is taking into account the electro- magnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the components in the system.
This is especially important when the control board is in close proximity with a charger, inverter, converter, or other high-voltage equipment. In these cases, it is important to provide adequate shielding of the hardware and the cabling that connects them. Figure 3 Printed circuit board (PCB) battery controller. Figure 4 Texas Instruments application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). Courtesy: http://www.kreiselelectric. com/en/technology/battery-system/ .