FOTEK Cobb Vaccination Guide (EN)

01 Introduction 03 Field Vaccination 1.1 Why Do We Vaccinate? 2 3.1 Spray Vaccination with Backpack Sprayer System 13 1.2 How Do Vaccines Work? 3 3.2 Water Vaccination 16 1.3 Vaccines and Vaccination 3 3.2.1 Water Tanks 19 1.4 Vaccine Handling and Storage 5 3.2.2 Pump System 20 02 Hatchery Vaccination 3.2.3 Medicators and Proportioners 21 2.1 In-Ovo Vaccination 6 3.3 Intraocular (Eye Drop) or Nasal Drop Vaccination 22 2.2 Marek’s Vaccine Preparation 7 3.4 Wing Web Vaccination 23 2.3 Marek’s Vaccine Storage 8 3.5 Injectable (Inactivated) Vaccines 24 2.4 Nitrogen Storage Tank Maintenance 8 3.6 Instructions for Each Site of Administration.

26 2.5 Subcutaneous (SC) or Intramuscular (IM) Injection at Day of Hatch 9 04 Vaccination Quality Control 2.6 Spray Vaccination 11 4.1 Vaccination Quality Control 28 2.7 Gel Vaccination 12 4.2 Errors Using Injectable Vaccines 30 4.3 Monitoring the Vaccination Program 32 Look for animal welfare tips throughout the guide that highlight important aspects of management to improve poultry welfare outcomes during vaccination procedures. ANIMAL WELFARE TIPS Click on this symbol to access accompanying material for each section

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INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction This guide is designed to help field personnel in the correct use and administration of poultry vaccines. It is intended as a practical field reference to offer standard operating procedures to improve the delivery and efficacy of vaccines in the hatchery and at the farm in order to optimize flock performance and immunity. For more information on vaccination procedures, please consult your Cobb Technical Service Representative. COBB VACCINATION MANAGEMENT GUIDE 1.1 Why Do We Vaccinate? Correct vaccination is an essential part of a good poultry management program and vital to the success of any poultry operation.

Effective preventive procedures such as immunization and biosecurity protect hundreds of millions of birds worldwide from many contagious and deadly diseases and have resulted in improved flock health and production efficiency. For breeders, some additional goals include: » Protect the bird (as a pullet or hen) against specific diseases Immunization cannot be a substitute for poor biosecurity and sanitation. Thus, vaccination programs may not protect birds that are under stress or raised in unhygienic conditions.

» Protect the progeny of the hen against vertical transmission of disease » Provide passive immunity to progeny The primary objective of immunizing any poultry flock is to reduce the level of clinical disease and promote optimal performance. The use of certain vaccines in chicken flocks (i.e. Salmonella vaccines), can be useful to reduce disease in the poultry flock and may also have a positive impact on human health by reducing the risk of human infection through food consumption. 2

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INTRODUCTION 1.2 How Do Vaccines Work? Poultry vaccines are biological products that induce an immune response to specific disease causing agents. Depending on the vaccine, they can be administered in various ways which are discussed in this guide. Depending on the type of antigen in the vaccine, the bird’s immune system will react, creating a “memory” response of antibodies and immune cells. The more a bird is exposed to the same antigen, typically the greater the antibody response and resulting protection. For this reason, many flocks are vaccinated multiple times for the same disease. 1.3 Vaccines and Vaccination Vaccines for poultry come in three general forms:

Modified or Attenuated (Live), Inactivated (Killed), and Recombinants. Live vaccines are strains that are naturally or genetically modified milder forms of field strains. Inactivated vaccines are whole viruses or bacteria that have been killed during production and formulated into a deliverable product. Recombinant vaccines, known also as vector vaccines, are made by using live viruses or bacteria as a vector to transport the gene coding for the protective antigen of a second infectious agent for which immunity is desired. COBB VACCINATION MANAGEMENT GUIDE Vaccine Vectors Examples of recombinant vaccines include:

The main viral vectors used for the development of recombinant vaccines are Herpes Virus of Turkey (HVT) and the Poxvirus. These viruses have genomes that are large enough to accept large inserts. » HVT expressing Newcastle Disease virus protein » HVT expressing Avian Laryngotracheitis virus protein » HVT expressing Infectious Bursal Disease virus protein Recent research has shown differences in replication within the recombinant HVT (rHVT) products, and therefore, it is very critical to add the Rispens vaccine strain when long-life birds such as breeders and commercial layers are vaccinated with rHVT products.

» HVT expressing two inserts (Infectious Bursal Disease and Newcastle Disease) » Fowl pox virus expressing Avian Influenza virus protein » Fowl pox virus expressing Newcastle Disease virus protein There is also a clear interference between rHVT vaccines and conventional HVT strains. Therefore, no chick should receive both products as the interference will lead to poor vaccine replication and may affect the expression of the insert. » Fowl pox virus expressing Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus protein 3

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INTRODUCTION Table 1 Comparison of Live, Inactivated and Recombinant Vaccines: Aspect of Vaccine Live Inactivated Recombinant Economical Yes Expensive Varies COBB VACCINATION MANAGEMENT GUIDE Rapid onset of immunity Yes No No Multivalent available Yes Yes Yes In-Ovo application Some No Yes 4 Safe Yes Yes Yes Mass application Yes No No Immunity duration Short Long Intermediate Maternal antibody interference Yes Low No

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