x Figure Captions Chapter 7 Figure 1 Schematic representation of UltraBattery configuration and operation.
Soluble lead acid cell diagram, showing component materials 68 Figure 2 Energy power systems’ planar layered matrix (PLM) battery 71 Figure 3 Lithium-ion cell ion flow 76 Figure 4 Prismatic lithium-ion cell components 78 Figure 5 Lithium-ion cell components 79 Figure 6 Anode material performance comparison 81 Chapter 8 Figure 1 Centralized battery management system (BMS) 93 Figure 2 Distributed BMS 93 Figure 3 Printed circuit board (PCB) battery controller 94 Figure 4 Texas Instruments application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) 94 Figure 5 Imbalanced cells at beginning of discharge 95 Figure 6 Imbalanced cells at end of discharge 96 Figure 7 Imbalanced cells 97 Figure 8 Effect of imbalanced cells at full charge 97 Figure 9 Passive cell balancing 98 Figure 10 Active cell balancing 99 Chapter 9 Figure 1 Contactor schematic in open and closed positions 104 Figure 2 Tyco Kilovac 500A 320VDC EV200 contactor 104 Figure 3 TE Connectivity precharge contactor 105 Figure 4 Main and precharge contactor positions 106 Figure 5 Manual service disconnect 107 Figure 6 Manual service disconnect 107 Figure 7 Off-the-shelf high voltage (HV) electronics by Delphi Electronics 108 Figure 8 Automotive EV battery connectors 109 Figure 9 TE Connectivity AMP+ high-voltage connector 109 Figure 10 SAE J1772 Level 2 connector 111 Figure 11 SAE Level 3 combined connector 112 Chapter 10 Figure 1 Sources of heat in a lithium-ion battery 116 Figure 2 Lithium-ion cell temperature ranges 117 Figure 3 HEV temperature example 120 Figure 4 2012 Nissan LEAF Owner’s Manual battery warning (page EV-2) 121 Figure 5 Active air cooling schematic 123 Figure 6 Passive air cooling schematic 124 Figure 7 Liquid cooling plates 125 Figure 8 Heat sink fins 125